What Is an Ingrown Toenail?

An ingrown toenail occurs when the nail grows into the surrounding skin at the edge or corner of the toe, rather than over it. The big toe is most commonly affected. This can cause significant pain, redness, swelling, and in some cases, infection.

Common Causes of Ingrown Toenails

  • Improper nail trimming — cutting too short or rounding the corners
  • Hereditary nail shape or structure
  • Trauma — stubbing the toe or repetitive pressure from activity
  • Tight or ill-fitting footwear
  • Fungal nail infections or prior nail injuries

Symptoms

  • Pain or tenderness along the side of the nail
  • Redness and swelling around the nail
  • Warmth in the surrounding skin
  • Drainage or signs of infection in more advanced cases

At-Home Care (When It's Safe)

For mild cases without infection, the following may provide temporary relief while you arrange an appointment:

  • Soak the foot in warm (not hot) water with Epsom salts for 15–20 minutes, 2–3 times daily
  • Gently massage the nail fold away from the nail edge
  • Keep the area clean and dry
  • Wear open-toe shoes or footwear that doesn't press on the nail

Do not attempt to cut or dig out the nail yourself. Home surgery on ingrown toenails can worsen infection and cause lasting damage.

In-Office Treatment Options

Our podiatrists provide fast, effective relief with minimal discomfort. Ingrown toenails are one of the most common conditions we treat alongside bunions and heel pain. Depending on your situation, treatment may include:

  • Partial nail removal — removing the ingrown portion of the nail under local anesthesia
  • Antibiotics — when bacterial infection is present
  • Permanent nail root removal — a simple procedure that prevents a specific section of the nail from regrowing, eliminating recurrence

Preventing Ingrown Toenails

  • Trim nails straight across — don't round the corners or cut too short
  • Avoid repeatedly digging into nail corners
  • Wear properly fitting footwear with adequate toe box width
  • Protect your toes during physical activity

Patients with diabetes, nerve damage, or poor circulation should seek professional care for ingrown toenails promptly — even mild cases can quickly become serious. Learn more about our diabetic foot care services.